01-21-2014, 04:58 AM
Let's be honest here, the judicial system is an unusable mess. I ran on a policy of reform, and it's time to open the discussion. It's time for a full reform of the system, rebuilding the whole Judiciary into a practical form.
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Let's take a look at what we have currently:
[spoiler=Charter]
 Article 4: Judiciary
Section 1 - Supreme Court
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[spoiler=Code of Laws]
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Article 6: Criminal Code
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Some of you might recall a failed proposal Judicial Reform back in November. I see no point in ignoring a perfectly good discussion, so I've included it below. It's a bit long so I'll try to add in a summary later.
[spoiler=
DISCUSSION: Judicial reform]
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 4: Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 - Purpose of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court is a body charged with upholding the Charter, Code of Laws, and all other laws of the region, in all judicial matters civil and criminal.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court is an inquisitive body, and as such shall take a proactive role in investigating and establishing the facts in civil and criminal cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 - Composition of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The composition of the Supreme Court and the procedure for the selection of its Justices shall be determined by the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be chosen from among the other Justices by majority vote.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court shall not act upon a specific matter unless a quorum of members is reached for that matter, as determined by the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is responsible for the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s general operation.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall deliver the opinion of the Supreme Court in all cases and questions about such opinions shall be directed towards him or her.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is a leader among equals and does not have any greater legal power than any other Justice.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 4 - Powers of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall investigate, establish the facts, and determine the guilt or innocence of persons in all criminal cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall have the authority to declare any law of the Assembly or action of the Cabinet null and void if it is found to be in violation of the Charter, when brought to its attention.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court may issue opinions on legal questions posed to it by the Assembly or the Cabinet, but shall not act unilaterally to do so.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     Any citizen may bring a civil or criminal complaint to the attention of the Supreme Court, and submit evidence into the record, but it is the decision of the Senate to take action upon complaints.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">5.     All cases of the Supreme Court shall be conducted publicly, unless doing so would harm the security of the region, except the deliberations of the Justices may be held in private at their discretion.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">6.     All decisions handed down by the Supreme Court are final and shall be explained thoroughly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
----
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Procedure of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 1: Composition of the Supreme Court and Election of Justices
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Composition
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall consist of 3 Justices, with one Justice serving as the Chief Justice, with a quorum being at least 2 Justices.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     Justices of the Supreme Court may not hold any executive offices, but are not prohibited from exercising their rights as citizens within the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Elections
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected half-way through the regular term of the Cabinet.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     Election procedures for Justices of the Supreme Court shall be the same as those for all other elected offices.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 2: Criminal Procedure
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Preliminary Procedures
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Criminal cases against a person may be brought to the Supreme Court by referral of the Cabinet or the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall consider all cases referred to them, but may exercise their discretion in which cases they will accept.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall establish common standards for the referral of criminal cases, which shall be published in public.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Establishing Facts
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Justices of the Supreme Court have the core responsibility of establishing the facts in all criminal cases they hear.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court may call upon any person to aid them in establishing the facts of a case.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The referrer of a criminal case may offer evidence of criminal wrongdoing, but it is up to the Supreme Court to judge the veracity of all evidence submitted to it.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     The Supreme Court shall search for all evidence, incriminating and exculpatory, with equal ferocity.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Due Process Rights
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     All persons accused of criminal wrongdoing have the right and expectation to due process of the law.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     All persons accused of criminal wrongdoing shall be afforded the opportunity to state their defense in public.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     In conformity with the right to a speedy hearing, the Supreme Court shall act in good faith to limit the length of a criminal case to no more than one week, with longer time frames for extraordinarily difficult cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Verdicts and Sentencing
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall reach a verdict in a criminal case by the agreement of at least 2 Justices, or otherwise deliver a verdict of acquittal due the charges not being proven.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall issue a sentence in conjunction with a guilty verdict, but may not go beyond the punishments afforded to them by the Code of Laws.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court shall have the authority to command any official to carry out the sentence, or otherwise hold them in contempt.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     The verdict and sentencing delivered by the Supreme Court are final.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 3: Civil Procedure
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Preliminary Procedures
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Any citizen of the Coalition wronged by the action of any official shall be able to bring a civil suit before the Supreme Court.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court consider all civil cases referred to them, but may exercise their discretion in which cases they will accept.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall establish common standards for the submission of civil cases, which shall be published in public.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2- Procedure of Civil Cases
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The plaintiff of a civil case shall be afforded the opportunity to establish their grievance, and the defendant shall be afforded an equal opportunity to defend their actions.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court are given discretion in requesting more information from the parties of a civil case.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Opinions in Civil Cases
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall deliver an opinion in civil cases by the agreement of at least 2 Justices, or otherwise dismiss the case.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court may order the losing party to take equitable action to correct their wrongdoing, or otherwise hold them in contempt.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     Opinions in civil cases delivered by the Supreme Court are final.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 4: Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Referral of Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Any person may refer a legal question the Supreme Court, defined as a question on the interpretation of the Charter, the Code of Laws, a subsidiary law, treaty, or other binding legal document, or on whether or not a certain action would in conformity with the aforementioned.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall accept any legal questioned referred to it by the Cabinet or the Assembly, but may exercise discretion on legal questions referred to it by any other person or body.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Opinion on Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall deliver an opinion on legal questions with at least 2 Justices in agreement, or otherwise dismiss the question.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court may choose to deliver a binding opinion or a non-binding advisory opinion.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 5: Commutations and Pardons
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1. Â Â The Delegate may commute any sentence delivered by the Supreme Court, which shall have the effect of shortening or removing time-related punishments, but shall not affect permanent punishments.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.   The Delegate may pardon any person convicted of a crime by the Supreme Court, which shall have the effect of removing the all punishments.
[/spoiler]
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A few discussion questions to consider. I'll be updating this every once in a while.
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Let's take a look at what we have currently:
[spoiler=Charter]
 Article 4: Judiciary
Section 1 - Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court shall have an elected Chief Justice to hear all cases. He will be elected alongside Cabinet officials every four months.
- A list of standing "volunteers" with suitable legal experience shall be maintained by the Chief Justice. If the need arises, two volunteers will be chosen on a rotating basis to join the Chief Justice in handling the case as temporary Associate Justices.
- If a conflict of interest seems to be present the Chief Justice, with the consent of the Assembly, may chose a volunteer to serve as a temporary Associate Justice out of rotation.ââ¬â¹
- The Supreme Court is responsible for determining innocence or guilt in criminal cases.
- The Supreme Court may declare any General Law that conflicts with the Charter defunct.
- The Supreme Court may remove Citizenship if guilt is found.ââ¬â¹
- If charges are filled against a citizen the case may be conducted with either a partial court (defined as the Chief Justice presiding solely) or, at the defendants request, with a full court (defined as the Chief Justice presiding with two temporary associate justices).
- If the case is held with a partial court, the defendant may appeal the case if they feel the sole justice acted unfairly. With a full court, no appeals may be made.
- The court is responsible, in conjunction with the Assembly, for establishing a consistent and just manner for hearing legal cases.
- Legal questions will always be handled by a partial court.
- Those asking legal questions referring to the Charter may request an additional legal opinion, which will be given by the next rotating temporary associate justice. If the legal opinions substantially differ, then a full court will convene to issue a final opinion.
- The Chief Justice is not prohibited from joining the Assembly or any associated organization in the South Pacific barring a political party or interest group.
- The Chief Justice shall have the authority to examine laws and make recommendations to the Assembly, however he may not arbitrarily issue a judgement or opinion on laws without a specific legal question being filed.
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[spoiler=Code of Laws]
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Article 6: Criminal Code
- Treason shall be defined as plotting against the Coalition, seeking to lower the delegate's endorsement count without his or her consent, breaking the endorsement cap after receiving an official warning, aiding any entity in which the Coalition is taking defensive action against, or any entity in which a state of war exists with. Nations and citizens that refuse to endorse the Delegate during a State of Emergency shall be considered guilty of treason, and refusing to disclose the name of one's WA nation whilst the aforementioned circumstances are in effect is also considered an act of treason.
- Defamation shall be defined as communication of a statement which makes a false claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, in an attempt to harm the reputation of another user or group of users on the forum.  The offended must express the offense to the Court in order for the charge to be considered.
- Fraud shall be defined as a deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual.
- Espionage shall be defined as an act of or attempt to obtain information that is confidential or not made publicly available for use by oneself or an entity one represents. Distribution of private information that originates on the South Pacific Forum without the express written permission of the Cabinet of the South Pacific shall be considered Espionage.
- Conduct violations shall be defined as breaking in-game NationStates rules.ââ¬â¹
- If found guilty of an act of treason, the offending nation will be immediately banned from the in-game region and offsite forums.
- If found guilty of defamation, the offending nation must issue a public apology to the nation in which the offense was committed against. Â Further punishment may be determined by the Judiciary.
- If found guilty of fraud, the Judiciary will determine a sentence.  The sentence must be proportionate to the offence.
- If found guilty of espionage, the offending nation may be banned from the in-game region and expelled from the offsite forums. Â The Judiciary may determine a lesser sentence in order to keep proportionality with the offense.
- Conduct violations are punishable by immediate ejection and banishment from the region, albeit punished parties may appeal this decision to the court. In most cases, nations that appeal the decision and apologize should expect to have their ban lifted.
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Some of you might recall a failed proposal Judicial Reform back in November. I see no point in ignoring a perfectly good discussion, so I've included it below. It's a bit long so I'll try to add in a summary later.
[spoiler=
DISCUSSION: Judicial reform]
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 4: Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 - Purpose of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court is a body charged with upholding the Charter, Code of Laws, and all other laws of the region, in all judicial matters civil and criminal.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court is an inquisitive body, and as such shall take a proactive role in investigating and establishing the facts in civil and criminal cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 - Composition of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The composition of the Supreme Court and the procedure for the selection of its Justices shall be determined by the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall be chosen from among the other Justices by majority vote.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court shall not act upon a specific matter unless a quorum of members is reached for that matter, as determined by the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is responsible for the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s general operation.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall deliver the opinion of the Supreme Court in all cases and questions about such opinions shall be directed towards him or her.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is a leader among equals and does not have any greater legal power than any other Justice.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 4 - Powers of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall investigate, establish the facts, and determine the guilt or innocence of persons in all criminal cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall have the authority to declare any law of the Assembly or action of the Cabinet null and void if it is found to be in violation of the Charter, when brought to its attention.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court may issue opinions on legal questions posed to it by the Assembly or the Cabinet, but shall not act unilaterally to do so.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     Any citizen may bring a civil or criminal complaint to the attention of the Supreme Court, and submit evidence into the record, but it is the decision of the Senate to take action upon complaints.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">5.     All cases of the Supreme Court shall be conducted publicly, unless doing so would harm the security of the region, except the deliberations of the Justices may be held in private at their discretion.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">6.     All decisions handed down by the Supreme Court are final and shall be explained thoroughly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
----
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Procedure of the Supreme Court
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 1: Composition of the Supreme Court and Election of Justices
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Composition
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall consist of 3 Justices, with one Justice serving as the Chief Justice, with a quorum being at least 2 Justices.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     Justices of the Supreme Court may not hold any executive offices, but are not prohibited from exercising their rights as citizens within the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Elections
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Justices of the Supreme Court shall be elected half-way through the regular term of the Cabinet.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     Election procedures for Justices of the Supreme Court shall be the same as those for all other elected offices.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 2: Criminal Procedure
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Preliminary Procedures
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Criminal cases against a person may be brought to the Supreme Court by referral of the Cabinet or the Assembly.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall consider all cases referred to them, but may exercise their discretion in which cases they will accept.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall establish common standards for the referral of criminal cases, which shall be published in public.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Establishing Facts
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Justices of the Supreme Court have the core responsibility of establishing the facts in all criminal cases they hear.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court may call upon any person to aid them in establishing the facts of a case.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The referrer of a criminal case may offer evidence of criminal wrongdoing, but it is up to the Supreme Court to judge the veracity of all evidence submitted to it.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     The Supreme Court shall search for all evidence, incriminating and exculpatory, with equal ferocity.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Due Process Rights
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     All persons accused of criminal wrongdoing have the right and expectation to due process of the law.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     All persons accused of criminal wrongdoing shall be afforded the opportunity to state their defense in public.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     In conformity with the right to a speedy hearing, the Supreme Court shall act in good faith to limit the length of a criminal case to no more than one week, with longer time frames for extraordinarily difficult cases.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Verdicts and Sentencing
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall reach a verdict in a criminal case by the agreement of at least 2 Justices, or otherwise deliver a verdict of acquittal due the charges not being proven.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall issue a sentence in conjunction with a guilty verdict, but may not go beyond the punishments afforded to them by the Code of Laws.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Supreme Court shall have the authority to command any official to carry out the sentence, or otherwise hold them in contempt.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">4.     The verdict and sentencing delivered by the Supreme Court are final.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Â
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 3: Civil Procedure
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Preliminary Procedures
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Any citizen of the Coalition wronged by the action of any official shall be able to bring a civil suit before the Supreme Court.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court consider all civil cases referred to them, but may exercise their discretion in which cases they will accept.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     The Justices of the Supreme Court shall establish common standards for the submission of civil cases, which shall be published in public.
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<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2- Procedure of Civil Cases
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The plaintiff of a civil case shall be afforded the opportunity to establish their grievance, and the defendant shall be afforded an equal opportunity to defend their actions.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Justices of the Supreme Court are given discretion in requesting more information from the parties of a civil case.
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<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 3 ââ¬â Opinions in Civil Cases
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall deliver an opinion in civil cases by the agreement of at least 2 Justices, or otherwise dismiss the case.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court may order the losing party to take equitable action to correct their wrongdoing, or otherwise hold them in contempt.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">3.     Opinions in civil cases delivered by the Supreme Court are final.
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<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 4: Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 1 ââ¬â Referral of Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     Any person may refer a legal question the Supreme Court, defined as a question on the interpretation of the Charter, the Code of Laws, a subsidiary law, treaty, or other binding legal document, or on whether or not a certain action would in conformity with the aforementioned.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court shall accept any legal questioned referred to it by the Cabinet or the Assembly, but may exercise discretion on legal questions referred to it by any other person or body.
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<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Section 2 ââ¬â Opinion on Legal Questions
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1.     The Supreme Court shall deliver an opinion on legal questions with at least 2 Justices in agreement, or otherwise dismiss the question.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.     The Supreme Court may choose to deliver a binding opinion or a non-binding advisory opinion.
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<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">Article 5: Commutations and Pardons
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">1. Â Â The Delegate may commute any sentence delivered by the Supreme Court, which shall have the effect of shortening or removing time-related punishments, but shall not affect permanent punishments.
<p style="font-family:helvetica, arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;">2.   The Delegate may pardon any person convicted of a crime by the Supreme Court, which shall have the effect of removing the all punishments.
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A few discussion questions to consider. I'll be updating this every once in a while.
- Pardons: Who should issue them and should a time-frame be involved?
- Should the Assembly have the power to override the Judiciary?
- What should the role of the Judiciary be?
- Should the election procedures be changed for the Chief Justice?
- How should Justices be chosen?
- Should the Judiciary be involved with roleplaying affairs?